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Python爬虫（九）

学习Python爬虫过程中的心得体会以及知识点的整理，方便我自己查找，也希望可以和大家一起交流。

—— socket库详解及实践相关代码 ——

1.

#coding:utf-8import socket#返回主机名socket.gethostname()#将host主机名转换为ipv4地址socket.gethostbyname('edu.aqniu.com')socket.gethostbyname('www.jd.com')#功能扩展的gethostbyname函数，返回主机名、主机别名列表、主机IP地址列表socket.gethostbyname_ex('edu.aqniu.com')socket.gethostbyname_ex('www.jd.com')#通过ip地址，返回包括主机名的三元组：(hostname, aliaslist, ipaddrlist)socket.gethostbyaddr("180.76.136.71")socket.gethostbyaddr('202.165.102.205')socket.gethostbyaddr('192.168.99.110')#返回该端口号的服务名socket.getservbyport(80, 'tcp')#通过给定的服务名，协议名，返回该服务所在的端口号socket.getservbyname('http', 'tcp')#返回一个包含5元组的list，用来获得host的地址信息socket.getaddrinfo('edu.aqniu.com',80)socket.getprotobyname("tcp")"""socket = socket.socket( family, type )family参数代表地址家族，可为AF_INET或AF_UNIX。AF_INET家族包括Internet地址，AF_UNIX家族用于同一台机器上的进程间通信。socket.AF_INET指的是IPv4，socket.AF_INET6指的是IPv6。type表示套接字类型，socket.SOCK_STREAM指的是TCP连接，socket.SOCK_DGRAM指的是UDP协议"""socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)sock.connect(('edu.aqniu.com', 80))#返回socket超时时间，以秒计（float）socket.gettimeout()#设置Socket超时时间，以秒计（float）socket.settimeout(timeout)

2.

【1】基于TCP协议

（1）模拟服务端

#coding:utf-8import sockets = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)host = socket.gethostname()port = 1234s.bind((host, port))s.listen(5)                     #参数就是等待连接队列中所能包含的连接数，多余的就直接拒绝while True:    connection, address = s.accept()        print ('Got connection from', address)    #connection.settimeout(5)    buf = connection.recv(1024)    str1 ='Thank you for connecting'    str1 = str1.encode()    str2 ='Go away!'    str2 = str2.encode()    str3 ='1'    str3 = str3.encode()        if buf == str3:        connection.send(str1)    else:        connection.send(str2)    connection.close()s.close()

（2）模拟客户端访问服务端

#coding:utf-8import socketimport times = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)host = socket.gethostname()port = 1234s.connect((host, port))str01 = '1'str01 = str01.encode()time.sleep(1)s.send(str01)print (s.recv(1024))s.close()

【2】基于UDP协议

（1）模拟服务端

#coding:utf-8import sockets = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)host = socket.gethostname()port = 1234s.bind((host, port))#s.listen(5)                     #UDP不需要三次握手，不需要listen和acceptwhile True:    recv,client_addr = s.recvfrom(1024)    if not recv:        break    print('[Client %s:%s said]:%s' % (client_addr[0],client_addr[1],recv))    str1 ='tcpServer has received your message'    str1 = str1.encode()    s.sendto(str1,client_addr)

（2）模拟客户端访问服务端

#coding:utf-8import socketimport times = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)host = socket.gethostname()port = 1234s.connect((host, port))str01 = '1'str01 = str01.encode()time.sleep(1)s.send(str01)print (s.recv(1024))s.close()

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